Ozone ----- The ozone concentration used by the forecast model is from a relatively old climatology. This will affect the short-wave heating rates in the stratosphere. The effect on the stratospheric temperature, however, is unclear. During the satellite era, the temperature retrievals (satellite observations) will provide much of the 'data' for the stratospheric temperatures. In the pre-satellite, the model's first guess will be more important and the model's biases will affect the analyses. (Based on results by Mo and Wang).