PROGNOSTIC DISCUSSIONS FOR 6 TO 10 AND 8 TO 14 DAY OUTLOOKS NWS CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER CAMP SPRINGS MD 300 PM EST TUE FEB 24 2004 6 TO 10 DAY OUTLOOK FOR MAR 1 - MAR 5 2004 . . . . . . . DURING THE 6 TO 10 DAY PERIOD... THE GFS... EUROPEAN... AND CANADIAN ENSEMBLE MEANS ALL FORECAST A SPLIT-FLOW PATTERN WITH THE SOUTHERN STREAM DIVING DOWN INTO THE SOUTHWEST U.S. AND THE NORTHERN STREAM ENTERING THE CONUS FROM CANADA INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND GREAT LAKES. THE STREAMS CONVERGE IN THE EASTERN THIRD OF THE CONUS WHERE THE MEAN 500-HPA FLOW IS WEST-SOUTHWESTERLY. THE HIGH RESOLUTION RUNS OF THE GFS AND ECMWF DIVERGE CONSIDERABLY. WHILE THE 0Z GFS IS MORE OR LESS IN LINE WITH THE GFS... ECMWF... AND CANADIAN ENSEMBLE MEANS... THE 6Z GFS FEATURES A POWERFUL VORTEX OFF THE LABRADOR COAST. THE HIGH RESOLUTION ECMWF ELIMINATES THE NORTHERLY JET PRESENT IN THE ENSEMBLE MEANS AND PRESENTS A MORE ACTIVE SOUTHERN JET LOCATED IN THE SOUTHWEST AND EXTENDING NORTHEASTWARD INTO THE OHIO VALLEY... GREAT LAKES... AND NORTHEAST. THE SOLUTIONS FROM THE ENSEMBLE MEANS WERE PREFERRED TODAY DUE TO GREATER CONSISTENCY AND HIGHER ANOMALY CORRELATION SCORES RELATIVE TO THE SINGLE HIGH RESOLUTION RUNS DURING THE PAST 60 DAYS. THE PRESENCE OF THE SOUTHERN STREAM IN THE SOUTHERN U.S. FAVORS A MORE ACTIVE PRECIPITATION PATTERN FOR PARTS OF THE SOUTH AND THE EXTENSION OF THIS SOUTHERN STREAM INTO THE MID ATLANTIC SHOULD INCREASE PRECIPITATION CHANCES FOR PARTS OF THE EAST. THE POSITIONING OF THE NORTHERLY JET IN THE NORTHEN PLAINS HAS ENOUGH OF A MERIDIONAL COMPONENT TO USHER IN COLDER THAN NORMAL AIR INTO THIS REGION. THIS MERIDIONAL COMPONENT IS NOT AS GREAT AS IT COULD BE THIS TIME OF YEAR WHICH SHOULD LIMIT THE SEVERITY OF ANY COLD AIR OUTBREAKS. IN ADDITION... THE MEAN WEST-SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW IN THE EASTERN TWO-THIRDS OF THE CONUS SHOULD LIMIT ANY INTRUSIONS OF COLD AIR INTO THE EAST. THERE IS EVIDENCE OF RIDGING IN THE EXTREME SOUTHEAST WHICH FAVORS ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES FOR FLORIDA. WIDESPREAD SNOW COVER IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ROCKIES HAS RECENTLY CONTRIBUTED TO LOWER AVERAGE TEMPERATURES FOR THIS REGION. DURING THE PAST SEVERAL DAYS THE EXTENT OF THIS SNOW COVER HAS DECREASED BUT IS STILL WIDESPREAD ENOUGH TO BE A CONSIDERATION. IN ALASKA... RIDGING IN THE FORECAST 500-HPA PATTERN SHOULD KEEP MUCH OF THE STATE IN AN ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURE REGIME. MODEL OF THE DAY: EUROPEAN ENSEMBLE MEAN THE OFFICIAL HEIGHT PROG FOR TODAY CONSISTS OF 50 PERCENT OF THE ECMWF ENSEMBLE MEAN CENTERED ON DAY 7... 25 PERCENT OF THE CANADIAN ENSEMBLE MEAN CENTERED ON DAY 8...AND 25 PERCENT OF THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN CENTERED ON DAY 8. FORECAST CONFIDENCE FOR THE 6 TO 10 DAY PERIOD IS CONSIDERED ABOVE AVERAGE TODAY... 4 ON A SCALE FROM 1 TO 5... DUE TO RELATIVELY GOOD AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GFS... ECMWF... AND CANADIAN ENSEMBLE MEANS. THE 6 TO 10 DAY TEMPERATURE PROG IS BASED ON THE CDC CALIBRATED TEMPERATURES... THE KLEIN AND NEURAL NET SPECIFICATIONS FROM THE BLEND AND COMPOSITE ANALOGS FROM THE BLENDED HEIGHT FIELD. CONSIDERATION WAS ALSO GIVEN TO SNOW COVER WHERE RELEVANT. THE 6 TO 10 DAY PRECIPITATION PROG IS BASED ON THE CDC CALIBRATED PRECIPITATION FORECAST... THE CPC AND EMC CALIBRATED PRECIPITATION FROM THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN AND PERCENTAGES FROM THE ENSEMBLE MEMBERS AND ANALOGS TO THE BLENDED HEIGHT FIELD. . . . . . . . 8 TO 14 DAY OUTLOOK FOR MAR 3 - MAR 9 2004 DURING THE 8 TO 14 DAY PERIOD... THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN SHOWS A BROAD TROUGH IN THE SOUTHWEST AND CONFLUENCE IN THE EAST. THE DIVISION OF THE 500-HPA PATTERN INTO A SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN STREAM EVIDENT IN THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN D+8 SOLUTION IS NOT NEARLY AS PRONOUNCED IN THE D+11 SOLUTION. IN ADDITION... THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN D+11 SOLUTION IS MORE ZONAL THAN THE D+8 FORECAST. THE HIGH RESOLUTION GFS RUNS CONTINUE TO DISAGREE WITH EACH OTHER. THE 6Z GFS SHOWS A SPLIT-FLOW PATTERN DIVIDED INTO A NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STREAM WHILE THE 0Z GFS SHOWS A BROAD TROUGH IN THE SOUTHWEST AND CONFLUENCE IN THE EAST. THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN WAS PREFERRED TO MINIMIZE THESE DIFFERENCES AND DUE TO THE FACT THAT ITS 500-HPA ANOMALY CORRELATIONS DURING THE PAST 60 DAYS HAVE BEEN SUPERIOR TO THE SINGLE HIGHER RESOLUTION RUNS. THE WEAKING OF THE SOUTHERN JET IN THE D+11 GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN SOLUTION SUGGESTS DIMINISHING AMOUNTS OF PRECIPITATION ALONG THE SOUTHERN TIER AND THE EAST RELATIVE TO THE 6 TO 10 DAY PERIOD. THE INCREASED ZONAL NATURE OF THE 500-HPA FLOW SHOULD LIMIT EXTREMES IN TEMPERATURES FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE CONUS. RIDGING OFF THE PACIFIC COAST SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT TO PLACE PARTS OF ALASKA IN ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES. THE OFFICIAL 500-HPA HEIGHT PROG FOR TODAY CONSISTS OF 100 PERCENT OF TODAYS GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN CENTERED ON DAY 11. FORECAST CONFIDENCE FOR THE 8 TO 14 DAY PERIOD IS AVERAGE TODAY... 3 ON A SCALE FROM 1 TO 5. THE 8 TO 14 DAY TEMPERATURE PROG IS BASED ON THE CDC CALIBRATED TEMPERATURES... THE KLEIN SPECIFICATIONS FROM THE BLEND AND COMPOSITE ANALOGS FROM THE BLENDED HEIGHT FIELD. THE 8 TO 14 DAY PRECIPITATION PROG IS BASED ON THE CDC CALIBRATED PRECIPITATION FORECAST... THE CPC AND EMC CALIBRATED PRECIPITATION FROM THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN AND PERCENTAGES FROM THE ENSEMBLE MEMBERS... AND ANALOGS TO THE BLENDED HEIGHT FIELD. FORECASTER: S. HANDEL . . . . . . . NOTES: AUTOMATED FORECASTS ARE ISSUED ON SATURDAY AND SUNDAY. OTHERWISE - FORECASTS INCORPORATE FORECASTER INPUT. THE NOTATION FOR THE CATEGORICAL FORECAST INDICATED ON THE MAPS IS THE SAME AS THAT IN THE TABLES: A-ABOVE N-NEAR NORMAL B-BELOW IN THE SOUTHWEST AND OTHER CLIMATOLOGICALLY DRY REGIONS - THERE WILL BE A GREATER THAN 33.3% CHANCE OF NO PRECIPITATION AND OCCASIONALLY EVEN A NORMAL (I.E. MEDIAN) VALUE OF ZERO - ESPECIALLY DURING THE DRY SEASONS. IN SUCH CASES A FORECAST OF NEAR NORMAL IS EFFECTIVELY A FORECAST OF LITTLE OR NO PRECIPITATION. THE NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE FORECAST PATTERNS FOR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION FOR BOTH THE 6-10 OR 8-14 DAY PERIODS HAS BEEN DISCONTINUED. THE STATE TABLES FOR BOTH THE 6-10 AND 8-14 DAY PERIODS ARE NOW CONTAINED IN THIS MESSAGE...AVAILABLE AS PMDMRD ON AWIPS. EFFECTIVE THURSDAY MAY 17 2001...THE CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER HAS SWITCHED TO 1971-2000 BASE PERIOD MEANS FOR TEMPERATURE... PRECIPITATION...AND 500-HPA HEIGHTS AS REFERENCE IN THE CLIMATE OUTLOOKS. THE 1971-2000 BASE PERIOD MEANS HAVE REPLACED THE 1961-1990 BASE PERIOD MEANS. . . . . . . . GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS:--------------------------------------------- AC - ANOMALY CORRELATION - A MEASURE OF HOW WELL A MODEL FORECASTS THE HEIGHT OR HEIGHT ANOMALY FIELD OBTAINED BY CORRELATING THE IMPLIED GRADIENTS OF THE TWO ANOMALY PATTERNS BEING COMPARED. ANALOG (NATURAL ANALOG) - A WEATHER MAP THAT RESEMBLES ANOTHER WEATHER MAP - USUALLY FROM DIFFERENT YEARS BUT THE SAME SEASON IN THE HISTORICAL RECORD. THE CRITERION FOR SELECTING AN ANALOG IS OFTEN THE PATTERN CORRELATION BETWEEN THE MAPS. TWO MAPS WILL JUST BEGIN TO RESEMBLE EACH OTHER TO THE HUMAN EYE AT A PATTERN CORRELATION OF ABOUT 40%. TO BE USEFUL - ANALOGS NEED TO HAVE MUCH HIGHER CORRELATIONS TO THE ORIGINAL MAP THAN THAT - 80% OR MORE. ANALOGS ARE INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO FIND AS THE GEOGRAPHIC REGION BEING STUDIED INCREASES IN SIZE. PERFECT ANALOGS TO THE ENTIRE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SIMPLY DO NO EXIST - FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES. THIS IS WHY SIMPLE NATURAL ANALOG FORECAST METHODS DO NOT WORK VERY WELL. ANOMALY - THE ARITHMETIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE VALUE OF A VARIABLE AT A GIVEN PLACE AND TIME AND THE LONG-TERM AVERAGE OF THAT VARIABLE AT THAT PLACE AND TIME OF YEAR. AO - ARCTIC OSCILLATION - A MEASURE OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEAN MID-TROPOSPHERIC HEIGHT OR SEA LEVEL PRESSURE ANOMALY OVER THE POLAR BASIN AND THE CORRESPONDING AVERAGE ANOMALY IN A RING SURROUNDING THE POLAR BASIN AT MIDDLE LATITUDES. THE AO IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE LEADING MODE OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY OF THE EXTRATROPICAL NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. THE AO CAN ALSO BE CONSIDERED TO INCLUDE THE NAO (NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION) WITH WHICH IT IS POSITIVELY CORRELATED - BUT NOT IDENTICAL. THE PHASE OF THE AO IS CONSIDERED TO BE POSITIVE WHEN HEIGHTS OR PRESSURES ARE BELOW NORMAL OVER THE ARCTIC BASIN AND ABOVE NORMAL OVER SURROUNDING MID- LATITUDES - AND IS NEGATIVE FOR THE REVERSE ANOMALY PATTERN. BLEND - A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF 500-HPA HEIGHT FORECAST MAPS FROM SEVERAL MODELS. WEIGHTS ARE CURRENTLY ASSIGNED SUBJECTIVELY BY THE FORECASTER. THE SUM OF THE WEIGHTS MUST BE 1. WEIGHTS ARE APPLIED BY MULTIPLYING EACH 500-HPA MAP BY ITS WEIGHT AND ADDING ALL OF THE WEIGHTED MAPS TOGETHER TO MAKE THE OFFICIAL 500-HPA FORECAST. CONUS - CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES. DAVA - DIVERGENT ANOMALY VORTICITY ADVECTION MODEL. THIS IS A BAROTROPIC MODEL WITH DIVERGENCE IN IT TO ALLOW MORE ACCURATE PREDICTION OF LONG WAVES THAN A STANDARD BAROTROPIC MODEL. REFERENCE: QIN J. AND H.M. VAN DEN DOOL - 1996: SIMPLE EXTENSIONS OF AN NWP MODEL. MON. WEA. REV. - VOL 124 - PP 277-287. EL NINO - THE WARM PHASE OF ENSO. ENSO - EL NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION. FLOW PATTERN - THE PATTERN OF WIND INFERRED BY THE 500-HPA CONTOURS - THE WIND TENDS TO BLOW PARALLEL TO THE CONTOURS WITH LOW HEIGHT ON THE LEFT - IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE - THE OPPOSITE IS TRUE IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. WIND SPEED IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE SPACING BETWEEN THE CONTOURS. GFS - GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM. THIS REFERS TO ANY OF THE GLOBAL MODELS RUN AT NCEP FOUR TIMES A DAY THAT USED TO BE REFERRED TO AS THE MRF AND AVN MODELS. THE MODEL RUN INITIATED AT 00Z (00 GMT) IS CURRENTLY THE ONLY ONE USED BY CPC IN ITS OFFICIAL BLEND FORECAST - ALTHOUGH THE OTHERS CAN BE CONSIDERED BY THE FORECASTER IN FORMULATING THE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION FORECASTS. GFS ENSEMBLE - A SET OF GFS FORECASTS WHICH ARE ALL VALID AT THE SAME TIME BUT WHOSE STARTING CONDITIONS DIFFER BY SMALL AMOUNTS. THERE ARE CURRENTLY 25 MEMBERS IN THE GFS ENSEMBLE. THE AVERAGE OF THESE IS THE GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN. 500-HPA HEIGHT IS THE HEIGHT - IN METERS - ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL - WHICH ABOUT HALF OF THE MASS OF THE ATMOSPHERE LIES ABOVE AND BELOW - AS MEASURED BY THE PRESSURE. UPPER AIR STORM SYSTEMS TEND TO BE STEERED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE WINDS AT 500-HPA. 500-HPA SYSTEMS CORRELATE STRONGLY WITH SURFACE WEATHER. HPA - HECTO-PASCALS. 1 HPA = 1 MILLIBAR. LA NINA - THE COLD PHASE OF ENSO. MERIDIONAL FLOW PATTERN - OCCURS WHEN 500-HPA CONTOURS EXHIBIT LARGE NORTHWARD AND SOUTHWARD EXCURSIONS WITH EXTENSIVE AREAS OF SOUTHERLY AND NORTHERLY FLOW. MODEL BIAS - THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MODEL CLIMATOLOGY AND THE OBSERVED CLIMATOLOGY - EXPRESSED AS BIAS = MODEL CLIMO - OBSERVED CLIMO. MODEL OF THE DAY - FOR 6-10 DAYS - IS THE MODEL WHOSE SOLUTION IS CONSIDERED TO BE MORE RELIABLE THAN USUAL - AND MAY BE GIVEN HIGHER THAN TYPICAL WEIGHT IN THE BLEND. NO MODEL OF THE DAY IS CHOSEN FOR 8-14 DAYS. MOS - MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS - A STATISTICAL TOOL FOR SPECIFYING THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE (AND ITS ANOMALY) FROM MODEL FIELDS - CORRECTING AUTOMATICALLY FOR BOTH BIASES IN THE MODEL FIELDS AND THE SPECIFICATION METHOD. IT IS VALID AS LONG AS A GIVEN CONFIGURATION OF A MODEL IS NOT CHANGED OR MODIFIED. MJO - MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION - ALSO CALLED TROPICAL INTRA-SEASONAL OSCILLATION - A SERIES OF WAVES WITH A PERIOD AVERAGING 50 DAYS THAT MOVES SLOWLY EASTWARD NEAR THE EQUATOR ALTERNATELY ENHANCING AND SUPRESSING PRECIPITATION. NAO - NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION TELECONNECTION PATTERN. IT CAN ALSO BE VIEWED AS THE ATLANTIC HALF OF THE AO (ARCTIC OSCILLATION) TELECONNECTION PATTERN - STRONGLY INFLUENCES TEMPERATURES OVER EUROPE AND MUCH OF NORTH AMERICA - ESPECIALLY DURING THE COLD SEASONS - AND DETERMINES THE MEAN LATITUDE OF THE PREVAILING STORM TRACKS ACROSS THE NORTH ATLANTIC. THE PHASE OF THE NAO IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE WHEN PRESSURES AND HEIGHTS ARE BELOW NORMAL OVER GREENLAND AND ICELAND (STRONG ICELANDIC LOW) AND ABOVE NORMAL AT MIDDLE AND SUBTROPICAL LATITUDES (STRONG BERMUDA-AZORES HIGH) - AND NEGATIVE FOR THE REVERSE ANOMALIES. PNA - PACIFIC NORTH AMERICAN TELECONNECTION PATTERN. PROG - PROGNOSIS - OR FORECAST. PROGRESSION OR PROGRESSIVE MOTION - THE NORMAL MOVEMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC WEATHER SYSTEMS (HIGHS... LOWS... RIDGES... OR TROUGHS) FROM WEST TO EAST IN THE MIDDLE LATITUDES. RETROGRESSION OR RETROGRADE MOTION - A TYPE OF MOTION SOMETIMES OBSERVED IN WEATHER SYSTEMS WHEN THEY END UP IN POSITIONS FURTHER TO THE WEST THAN THEIR ORIGINAL LOCATIONS - CONTRARY TO THEIR USUAL WEST TO EAST MOTION. RIDGE - A REGION OF UNUSUALLY HIGH 500-HPA HEIGHT. SHORT WAVES - RELATIVELY LOW-AMPLITUDE - FAST-MOVING DISTURBANCES OF THE 500-HPA FIELD. SOUTHERN STREAM - A FLOW PATTERN WITH UNUSUALLY STRONG FLOW ACROSS THE SOUTHERN U.S. - ACCOMPANIED BY UNUSUAL STORMINESS IN THE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST. SPECIFICATIONS - KLEIN AND NEURAL NETWORK SPECIFICATIONS GIVE THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 500-HPA HEIGHT ANOMALIES AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION. KLEIN SPECIFICATIONS TEND TO EMPHASIZE REGIONAL TELECONNECTIONS WHILE THOSE FROM THE NEURAL NETWORK WORK FROM GLOBAL TELECONNECTIONS. . . . . . . . TELECONNECTIONS GIVE THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 500-HPA HEIGHT AT A GIVEN POINT AND ALL OTHER POINTS ON A MAP FOR A GIVEN TIME OF YEAR. WE AVERAGE THE TOP/BOTTOM 10% OF DAILY MAPS FROM 1950-1999 FOR THE SAME TIME OF YEAR HAVING THE HIGHEST/LOWEST 500-HPA HEIGHT AT THE SPECIFIED POINT. TROUGH - A REGION OF UNUSUALLY LOW 500-HPA HEIGHT. UTC - UNIVERSAL TIME COORDINATED - SAME AS GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT). WESTERLY WIND - WIND BLOWING FROM WEST TO EAST. EASTERLY WIND - WIND BLOWING FROM EAST TO WEST. NORTHERLY WIND - WIND BLOWING FROM NORTH TO SOUTH SOUTHERLY WIND - WIND BLOWING FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. ZONAL FLOW PATTERN - OCCURS WHEN 500-HPA CONTOURS LIE IN AN EAST-WEST DIRECTION PARALLEL TO LATITUDE CIRCLES WITH NEARLY PURE WEST-TO-EAST FLOW. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- THE NEXT MONTHLY AND SEASONAL OUTLOOKS WILL BE RELEASED ON THURSDAY... MARCH 18TH. ANALOGS TO THE 5 DAY MEAN OBSERVED PATTERN CENTERED 3 DAYS AGO (D-3) FOR THE REGION FROM 20N TO 70N LATITUDE AND 175E TO 60W LONGITUDE INCLUDE THE 5 DAY PERIODS CENTERED ON THE FOLLOWING DATES: 19930228 - 19930302 - 19980219 - 19710218 - 19610206 ANALOGS TO THE 7 DAY MEAN OBSERVED PATTERN CENTERED 4 DAYS AGO (D-4) FOR THE REGION FROM 20N TO 70N LATITUDE AND 175E TO 60W LONGITUDE INCLUDE THE 7 DAY PERIODS CENTERED ON THE FOLLOWING DATES: 19930228 - 19980212 - 19930302 - 19970203 - 19980219 6 to 10 day Outlook Table STATE TEMP PCPN STATE TEMP PCPN STATE TEMP PCPN WASHINGTON N B OREGON N B NRN CALIF N B SRN CALIF B B IDAHO B B NEVADA B B W MONTANA B B E MONTANA B N WYOMING B B UTAH B B ARIZONA B N COLORADO B A NEW MEXICO B A N DAKOTA B N S DAKOTA B A NEBRASKA B A KANSAS B A OKLAHOMA B A N TEXAS B A S TEXAS B A W TEXAS B A MINNESOTA N A IOWA N A MISSOURI N A ARKANSAS N A LOUISIANA N A WISCONSIN N A ILLINOIS N A MISSISSIPPI N A MICHIGAN N A INDIANA N A OHIO N A KENTUCKY N A TENNESSEE N A ALABAMA N N NEW YORK A A VERMONT A N NEW HAMP A N MAINE A N MASS A N CONN A N RHODE IS A N PENN A A NEW JERSEY A N W VIRGINIA N A MARYLAND A N DELAWARE A N VIRGINIA N N N CAROLINA N N S CAROLINA N N GEORGIA N N FL PNHDL A N FL PENIN A B AK N SLOPE A B AK ALEUTIAN A A AK WESTERN A A AK INT BSN A B AK S INT A N AK SO COAST A A AK PNHDL A B 8 to 14 day Outlook Table STATE TEMP PCPN STATE TEMP PCPN STATE TEMP PCPN WASHINGTON N B OREGON N B NRN CALIF N B SRN CALIF B B IDAHO B B NEVADA B B W MONTANA B B E MONTANA B B WYOMING B B UTAH B B ARIZONA B N COLORADO B B NEW MEXICO B N N DAKOTA B N S DAKOTA B B NEBRASKA B B KANSAS B N OKLAHOMA B N N TEXAS B A S TEXAS B A W TEXAS B A MINNESOTA B N IOWA B N MISSOURI B N ARKANSAS B A LOUISIANA B A WISCONSIN B N ILLINOIS B N MISSISSIPPI B A MICHIGAN B N INDIANA B N OHIO B N KENTUCKY B A TENNESSEE B A ALABAMA B A NEW YORK N N VERMONT N N NEW HAMP N N MAINE N N MASS N N CONN N N RHODE IS N N PENN N A NEW JERSEY N A W VIRGINIA N A MARYLAND N A DELAWARE N A VIRGINIA N A N CAROLINA N A S CAROLINA N A GEORGIA N A FL PNHDL N N FL PENIN N B AK N SLOPE A A AK ALEUTIAN A A AK WESTERN A A AK INT BSN A A AK S INT A A AK SO COAST A A AK PNHDL N N LEGEND TEMPS WITH RESPECT TO NORMAL PCPN WITH RESPECT TO MEDIAN A - ABOVE N - NEAR NORMAL A - ABOVE N - NEAR MEDIAN B - BELOW B - BELOW THE FORECAST CLASSES REPRESENT AVERAGES FOR EACH STATE. NORMAL VALUES - WHICH MAY VARY WIDELY ACROSS SOME STATES - ARE AVAILABLE FROM YOUR LOCAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECAST OFFICE. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SEE MESSAGE FXUS06 KWBC - ON AWIPS AS PMDMRD. $$